多药物(定义为使用多种药物)是一种标准治疗方法,尤其是对于严重和慢性疾病。但是,将多种药物一起使用可能会导致药物之间的相互作用。药物 - 药物相互作用(DDI)是一种与另一种药物结合时的影响发生变化时发生的活性。 DDI可能会阻塞,增加或减少药物的预期作用,或者在最坏情况下,会产生不利的副作用。虽然准时检测DDI至关重要,但由于持续时间短,并且在临床试验中识别它们是时间的,而且昂贵,并且要考虑许多可能的药物对进行测试。结果,需要计算方法来预测DDI。在本文中,我们提出了一种新型的异质图注意模型Han-DDI,以预测药物 - 药物相互作用。我们建立了具有不同生物实体的药物网络。然后,我们开发了一个异质的图形注意网络,以使用药物与其他实体的关系学习DDI。它由一个基于注意力的异质图节点编码器组成,用于获得药物节点表示和用于预测药物相互作用的解码器。此外,我们利用全面的实验来评估我们的模型并将其与最先进的模型进行比较。实验结果表明,我们提出的方法Han-DDI的表现可以显着,准确地预测DDI,即使对于新药也是如此。
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药物 - 药物相互作用(DDIS)可能会阻碍药物的功能,在最坏的情况下,它们可能导致不良药物反应(ADR)。预测所有DDI是一个具有挑战性且关键的问题。大多数现有的计算模型都集成了来自不同来源的药物中心信息,并利用它们作为机器学习分类器中的功能来预测DDIS。但是,这些模型有很大的失败机会,尤其是对于所有信息都没有可用的新药。本文提出了一个新型的HyperGraph神经网络(HYGNN)模型,仅基于用于DDI预测问题的任何药物的微笑串。为了捕获药物的相似性,我们创建了从微笑字符串中提取的药物的化学子结构中创建的超图。然后,我们开发了由新型的基于注意力的超图边缘编码器组成的HYGNN,以使药物的表示形式和解码器,以预测药物对之间的相互作用。此外,我们进行了广泛的实验,以评估我们的模型并将其与几种最新方法进行比较。实验结果表明,我们提出的HYGNN模型有效地预测了DDI,并以最大的ROC-AUC和PR-AUC分别超过基准,分别为97.9%和98.1%。
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Handwritten character recognition is a hot topic for research nowadays. If we can convert a handwritten piece of paper into a text-searchable document using the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technique, we can easily understand the content and do not need to read the handwritten document. OCR in the English language is very common, but in the Bengali language, it is very hard to find a good quality OCR application. If we can merge machine learning and deep learning with OCR, it could be a huge contribution to this field. Various researchers have proposed a number of strategies for recognizing Bengali handwritten characters. A lot of ML algorithms and deep neural networks were used in their work, but the explanations of their models are not available. In our work, we have used various machine learning algorithms and CNN to recognize handwritten Bengali digits. We have got acceptable accuracy from some ML models, and CNN has given us great testing accuracy. Grad-CAM was used as an XAI method on our CNN model, which gave us insights into the model and helped us detect the origin of interest for recognizing a digit from an image.
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Jamdani is the strikingly patterned textile heritage of Bangladesh. The exclusive geometric motifs woven on the fabric are the most attractive part of this craftsmanship having a remarkable influence on textile and fine art. In this paper, we have developed a technique based on the Generative Adversarial Network that can learn to generate entirely new Jamdani patterns from a collection of Jamdani motifs that we assembled, the newly formed motifs can mimic the appearance of the original designs. Users can input the skeleton of a desired pattern in terms of rough strokes and our system finalizes the input by generating the complete motif which follows the geometric structure of real Jamdani ones. To serve this purpose, we collected and preprocessed a dataset containing a large number of Jamdani motifs images from authentic sources via fieldwork and applied a state-of-the-art method called pix2pix to it. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset is currently the only available dataset of Jamdani motifs in digital format for computer vision research. Our experimental results of the pix2pix model on this dataset show satisfactory outputs of computer-generated images of Jamdani motifs and we believe that our work will open a new avenue for further research.
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This article presents a novel review of Active SLAM (A-SLAM) research conducted in the last decade. We discuss the formulation, application, and methodology applied in A-SLAM for trajectory generation and control action selection using information theory based approaches. Our extensive qualitative and quantitative analysis highlights the approaches, scenarios, configurations, types of robots, sensor types, dataset usage, and path planning approaches of A-SLAM research. We conclude by presenting the limitations and proposing future research possibilities. We believe that this survey will be helpful to researchers in understanding the various methods and techniques applied to A-SLAM formulation.
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Generative models have been very successful over the years and have received significant attention for synthetic data generation. As deep learning models are getting more and more complex, they require large amounts of data to perform accurately. In medical image analysis, such generative models play a crucial role as the available data is limited due to challenges related to data privacy, lack of data diversity, or uneven data distributions. In this paper, we present a method to generate brain tumor MRI images using generative adversarial networks. We have utilized StyleGAN2 with ADA methodology to generate high-quality brain MRI with tumors while using a significantly smaller amount of training data when compared to the existing approaches. We use three pre-trained models for transfer learning. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can learn the distributions of brain tumors. Furthermore, the model can generate high-quality synthetic brain MRI with a tumor that can limit the small sample size issues. The approach can addresses the limited data availability by generating realistic-looking brain MRI with tumors. The code is available at: ~\url{https://github.com/rizwanqureshi123/Brain-Tumor-Synthetic-Data}.
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目的:并行成像通过用一系列接收器线圈获取其他灵敏度信息,从而加速了磁共振成像(MRI)数据,从而降低了相位编码步骤。压缩传感磁共振成像(CS-MRI)在医学成像领域中获得了普及,因为其数据要求较少,而不是平行成像。并行成像和压缩传感(CS)均通过最大程度地减少K空间中捕获的数据量来加快传统MRI获取。由于采集时间与样品的数量成反比,因此从缩短的K空间样品中的图像的反向形成会导致收购更快,但具有混乱的伪像。本文提出了一种新型的生成对抗网络(GAN),即雷德格尔(Recgan-gr)受到多模式损失的监督,以消除重建的图像。方法:与现有的GAN网络相反,我们提出的方法引入了一种新型的发电机网络,即与双域损耗函数集成的弹药网络,包括加权幅度和相位损耗函数以及基于平行成像的损失,即Grappa一致性损失。提出了K空间校正块,以使GAN网络自动化生成不必要的数据,从而使重建过程的收敛性更快。结果:全面的结果表明,拟议的Recgan-GR在基于GAN的方法中的PSNR有4 dB的改善,并且在文献中可用的传统最先进的CNN方法中有2 dB的改进。结论和意义:拟议的工作有助于显着改善低保留数据的图像质量,从而更快地获取了5倍或10倍。
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从不平衡数据中学习是一项具有挑战性的任务。在进行不平衡数据训练时,标准分类算法的性能往往差。需要通过修改数据分布或重新设计基础分类算法以实现理想的性能来采用一些特殊的策略。现实世界数据集中不平衡的流行率导致为班级不平衡问题创造了多种策略。但是,并非所有策略在不同的失衡情况下都有用或提供良好的性能。处理不平衡的数据有许多方法,但是尚未进行此类技术的功效或这些技术之间的实验比较。在这项研究中,我们对26种流行抽样技术进行了全面分析,以了解它们在处理不平衡数据方面的有效性。在50个数据集上进行了严格的实验,具有不同程度的不平衡,以彻底研究这些技术的性能。已经提出了对技术的优势和局限性的详细讨论,以及如何克服此类局限性。我们确定了影响采样策略的一些关键因素,并提供有关如何为特定应用选择合适的采样技术的建议。
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类不平衡是分类任务中经常发生的情况。从不平衡数据中学习提出了一个重大挑战,这在该领域引起了很多研究。使用采样技术进行数据预处理是处理数据中存在的不平衡的标准方法。由于标准分类算法在不平衡数据上的性能不佳,因此在培训之前,数据集需要足够平衡。这可以通过过度采样少数族裔级别或对多数级别的采样来实现。在这项研究中,已经提出了一种新型的混合采样算法。为了克服采样技术的局限性,同时确保保留采样数据集的质量,已经开发了一个复杂的框架来正确结合三种不同的采样技术。首先应用邻里清洁规则以减少失衡。然后从策略上与SMOTE算法策略性地采样,以在数据集中获得最佳平衡。该提出的混合方法学称为“ smote-rus-nc”,已与其他最先进的采样技术进行了比较。该策略进一步合并到集合学习框架中,以获得更健壮的分类算法,称为“ SRN-BRF”。对26个不平衡数据集进行了严格的实验,并具有不同程度的失衡。在几乎所有数据集中,提出的两种算法在许多情况下都超过了现有的采样策略,其差额很大。尤其是在流行抽样技术完全失败的高度不平衡数据集中,他们实现了无与伦比的性能。获得的优越结果证明了所提出的模型的功效及其在不平衡域中具有强大采样算法的潜力。
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洪水是大自然最灾难性的灾难之一,对人类生活,农业,基础设施和社会经济系统造成了不可逆转和巨大的破坏。已经进行了几项有关洪水灾难管理和洪水预测系统的研究。实时对洪水的发作和进展的准确预测是具有挑战性的。为了估计大面积的水位和速度,有必要将数据与计算要求的洪水传播模型相结合。本文旨在减少这种自然灾害的极端风险,并通过使用不同的机器学习模型为洪水提供预测来促进政策建议。这项研究将使用二进制逻辑回归,K-Nearest邻居(KNN),支持向量分类器(SVC)和决策树分类器来提供准确的预测。通过结果,将进行比较分析,以了解哪种模型具有更好的准确性。
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